![]() So the more equations you know, the more you can converse with the cosmos.” - Neil DeGrasse Tyson A vertical equals sign, rather than a horizontal equals sign, may have been used throughout the 1600s, with the now universally used horizontal equal sign becoming standardized over the course of the 1700s. This gave Recorde’s equals sign some extra influence, as when combined with + and – the equals sign could easily be used to assert mathematical equations that took much longer to write out. However, Recorde had introduced English speakers to the now-famous German symbols for subtraction and addition: “+” and “-”. One reason that Recorde’s symbol may have been slow to catch on was that in the 16th century Latin still heavily influenced communication, and the term “aequalis” was frequently just shortened to “Ae” or “oe” if an abbreviation was required. While Recorde’s new equals sign succinctly implied equality between two values, it wasn’t widely adopted until much later. Photo: By Robert Recorde –, Public Domain, We'll teach you how to use the full range of logical operators, including "greater than" and "less than", in your formulas.A representation of the first known equation, equivalent to 14x + 15 = 71. If you found this article useful, consider taking a look at our full article on logical operators. But when working with more advanced conditional formulas - in particular, SUMIF and COUNTIF - you'll likely bump into scenarios in which only "" is sufficient (for example, if you want to sum up sales for all offices for which the office name is not "New York"). When you're using IF statements, you can swap around the order of arguments and generally use either "=" or "" in your formulas. Is there any advantage to using the "" operator instead of the equals sign? Definitely. Note that the above formula could be rewritten as follows, using the equals operator (=) but switching the order of the IF statement's value_if_true and value_if_false arguments: = IF( B3= "New York", "Headquarters", "Local office") Note that this formula outputs "Local office" for all the offices names that do not equal "New York" but, it outputs "Headquarters" when it sees that the office name is equal to "New York". To do so, we could use the following formula: = IF( B3 "New York", "Local office", "Headquarters") ![]() A SnackWorld manager wants to add a column to the spreadsheet that dynamically outputs whether a given office is the company headquarters or a local office. The company's headquarters is in New York, and all of the other offices are local. The spreadsheet above shows a list of SnackWorld's office locations around the country. ![]() If you haven't used IF statements yet, check out our IF statement tutorial first. The following example uses the IF function. Hint: For the last example above, you'll have to read up on how the RIGHT function works if you don't already know it! Output: FALSE = RIGHT( "Boston, MA", 2) "MA" Can you tell why the following formulas output the given results? = "Boston" "San Francisco" Of course, "" doesn't have to be used on numbers. This formula outputs FALSE, because 45 is equal to 45. Let's take a look at another simple example using integers: = 45 45 The above formula outputs TRUE, because 6 does not equal 8. Let's take a look at the "does not equal" operator in action to see how we can use it in a simple formula: = 6 8 This is the exact opposite functionality of the equals sign (=), which will output TRUE if the values on either side of it are equal and FALSE if they are not. If they are not equal, it will output TRUE, and if they are equal, it will output FALSE. Whenever Excel sees this symbol in your formulas, it will assess whether the two statements on opposite sides of these brackets are equal to one another. Excel's "does not equal" operator is simple: a pair of brackets pointing away from each other, like so: " ".
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